OBJECTIVES: Epilepsy is frequently associated with neuroinflammation, in which tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) promotes excitotoxicity and neuronal hyperexcitability. We evaluated whether physical exercise, alone or …

Bone and cartilage defects represent major clinical challenges, with an increasingly urgent need for effective repair and regeneration. In recent years, small RNA-based regulatory strategies, such as microRNAs (miRNAs) a…

Cancer remains a major clinical challenge due to persistent therapy resistance, despite significant treatment advances. While chemotherapy often induces initial regression, tumors adapt through complex mechanisms, with a…

CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that EV-derived miR-1246 acts as a promising predictive biomarker for lymph-node metastasis in ESCC. Mechanistically, EV-delivered miR-1246 targets PPP2CB to activate NF-κB signaling,…

Chronic pesticide exposure has been associated with oxidative stress, inflammation, and genomic instability, and microRNAs (miRNAs) may reflect regulatory responses occurring between exposure and adverse outcomes. This c…

Reversing extracellular matrix (ECM) metabolic dysregulation to facilitate cartilage repair represents a key therapeutic strategy for osteoarthritis (OA) treatment. Owing to the avascular nature of joint structures, intr…

Targeted delivery and controlled expression of mRNA encapsulated by lipid nanoparticles (mRNA-LNPs) are critical for the development of safe and effective mRNA medicines. However, efficient post-delivery regulation of mR…

Accurate multiplex quantification of circulating small RNAs (sRNAs) enables comprehensive evaluation of their diagnostic potential. Here, we develop OM-sqPCR, a closed-tube, one-step multiplex RT-qPCR platform that simul…

CONCLUSION: Silencing RPARP-AS1 targeted miR-10b-5p to induce NSCLC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, leading to tumor progression and poor prognosis.

Bioactivation and clearance of anticancer agents are crucial factors in the efficacy and toxicity of anticancer drugs. Exosomes are membrane-bound vesicles secreted by tumor cells and the tumor microenvironment. These ve…

Early differentiation of acute cerebrovascular conditions is important for timely clinical management, while blood-based markers that could complement established diagnostic approaches remain under investigation. This ex…

Breast cancer treatment is limited by conventional therapies and by the poor photostability and tumor accumulation of photothermal agents such as indocyanine green (ICG). Here, we develop a DNA-based nanosystem, TDN-ICG-…

CONCLUSIONS: Some serum biomarkers show statistically significant changes during a GFD and may be useful to monitor pediatric CD. In addition, nutritional intervention improves micronutrient intake in newly diagnosed chi…

The limited precision of controlled drug release remains a major challenge for precision cancer therapy. Herein, a protein and nucleic acid dual-biomarker-responsive CRISPR AND logic nanodevice, termed LogiCas, is develo…

Cardiac complications are common and clinically significant in COVID-19, yet their underlying molecular drivers remain poorly understood. Here, we integrate post-mortem histopathology with transcriptomic and microRNA (mi…

To discover unknown retrotransposons for genomic integration in human cells, we searched 1,139 avian genomes, identified 159 avian R2 retrotransposons and characterized conserved/nonconserved sequence features in their p…

Repeat-associated disorders arise from expansions of nucleotide repeats in coding or non-coding regions, producing RNAs that accumulate and disrupt cellular homeostasis through mechanisms collectively termed RNA repeat t…

In the germline, small RNA-mediated gene regulatory pathways are associated with phase separated condensates known as germ granules across species. Germ granules can be challenging to purify based on their biophysical pr…

Myotonic dystrophy (DM) exists in two forms, type 1 (DM1) and type 2 (DM2), both inherited in an autosomal dominant manner and caused by toxic gain-of-function RNAs produced from unstable repeat expansions. In DM1, the m…

CONCLUSION: In the tested experimental models, DHM attenuated experimental CIRI, and these effects were associated with increased SIRT1 activity, FOXO3 deacetylation and nuclear accumulation, and Parkin-mediated mitophag…

Regulatory RNAs have long been recognized as major post-transcriptional regulators of bacterial physiology, controlling diverse processes including metabolism, stress adaptation, quorum sensing, and virulence. Recent dis…

Metazoans suppress transposons via small RNA-mediated silencing mechanisms, whereas ciliates have evolved a unique repressed strategy by physically eliminating transposons during somatic macronuclear genome development, …

Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent form of regulated cell death characterized by the lethal accumulation of lipid peroxides and has emerged as an important contributor to the initiation, progression, and amplification of i…

Microalgae thrive in diverse and often challenging environments by coordinating metabolic and physiological responses to environmental stress, yet the molecular mechanisms underlying these adaptations remain incompletely…

Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, with metastasis, therapeutic resistance, and an immunosuppressive TME representing major barriers to successful treatment. Among the chemokine …

Fruit quality is a complex trait shaped by developmental programs, metabolic networks, and environmental responses; yet, the RNA-level regulatory processes that determine functional outputs remain insufficiently integrat…

Bifunctional genomic loci can produce both coding and noncoding outputs, yet the proteins encoded by many such loci remain unexplored. Here, we identify MSEP, a previously uncharacterized ∼54-kDa protein translated from …

Besides the well-established protein aggregation-mediated pathologies in neurodegenerative diseases, protein misfolding and subsequent accumulation of non-functional aggregates may also have a role during cancer progress…

Small RNA-mediated gene silencing contributes to plant immunity. The secondary small interfering RNA (siRNA) pathway promotes defense by silencing target genes in invading fungal and oomycete pathogens. Many secondary si…

Liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) drives the formation of membraneless biomolecular condensates that regulate essential cellular processes including gene expression, stress response, and signal transduction. A critic…